Robert Stephenson discusses how free/open source software (FOSS) communities can provide a model for developing, sharing, using, and improving courseware. As FOSS demonstrates, bottom-up approaches to community building are more effective than top-down approaches, and an active community of practice is the key to success. Similarly, as envisioned by Stephenson, an open course community is a knowledge ecosystem that includes all stakeholders: courseware developers, educators, and students. Including students in this community of practice strengthens their education. An open course community also needs the ability to modify its resources since this is the only way it can improve and adapt to new situations. Likewise, community resources will evolve only if they include assessment as an integral component so that the results of this assessment can then be used to drive improvement. Furthermore, stakeholders need lots of simple and easy ways to make helpful contributions to the community so that it becomes a social norm. Ways to promote such participation include incentives, a reputation system, and a license that requires contribution. Through these key elements, Stephenson argues, open course communities can grow in size, improve in quality, and ultimately transform education.